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Friday, August 19, 2022

Kashyapa

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  6. Kadru
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Aditi


Aditi with sage Kashyapa had 33 sons, out of which twelve are called Âdityas including Surya, eleven are called Rudras and eight are called Vasus. Aditi is said to be the mother of the great god Indra, the mother of kings (Mandala 2.27) and the mother of gods (Mandala 1.113.19). In the Vedas, Aditi is Devamata (mother of the celestial gods) as from and in her cosmic matrix all the heavenly bodies were born. She is preeminently the mother of 12 Âdityas, whose names are Vivasvān, Aryamā, Pūṣā, Tvaṣṭā, Savitar, Bhaga, Dhātā, Varuṇa, Mitra, and Śakra.

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She is also the mother of the Vamanaavatar of Vishnu / Ganesha. Accordingly, the Vamana avatar, as the son of Aditi was born in the month of Shravana (fifth month of the Hindu Calendar, also called Avani) under the star Shravana. Many auspicious signs appeared in the heavens, foretelling the good fortune of this child.

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She is also the mother of the Vamanaavatar of Ganesha

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In the Rigveda, Aditi is one of the most important figures of all. As a mothering presence, Aditi is often asked to guard the one who petitions her (Mandala 1.106.7; Mandala 8.18.6) or to provide him or her with wealth, safety, and abundance (Mandala 10.100; 1.94.15).

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Thursday, August 18, 2022

Surasa



In the epic Ramayana, Surasa is one of the 12 daughters of Daksha, who are married to the sage Kashyapa. She became the mother of the nagas (a class of serpents), while her co-wife and sister Kadru gave birth to uragas, another class of snakes. Vasuki, Takshaka, Airavata and other sons of Surasa are described to live in Bhogavati.

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The epic Mahabharata describes her appear from wrath of Krodhavasha, another wife of Kashyapa. Surasa has three daughters: Anala, Ruha and Virudha. The serpents descend from the daughters of Surasa. She is thus called the mother of nagas and also cranes; another snake race Pannagas descends from Kadru.

The  Puranas describe 

  1. The Vishnu Purana says that she gave birth to a thousand multi-hooded serpents, who fly in the sky; while Kadru also gives birth to a thousand snakes. Surasa as one of 13 wives of Kashyapa and daughters of Daksha. 
  2. As the Matsya Purana, she is the mother of all quadrupeds, except cows; the serpents are described as Kadru's children. Surasa as one of 13 wives of Kashyapa and daughters of Daksha. 
  3. The Bhagavata Purana portrays her the mother of rakshasas (cannibals, demons). 
  4. The Vayu Purana and Padma Purana lists do not mention her as a wife of Kashyapa; and Anayush or Danayush take her position as mother of snakes.
  5. Devi Bhagavata Purana mentions that Rohini as Surasa's incarnation; his son Balarama was incarnation of the naga Shesha, Surasa's son.
  6. As per the Matsya Purana, when the god Shiva as Tripurantaka sets off to the three demon cities, various deities aid him. Surasa and other goddesses become his arrows and spears. When drops of the demon Andhaka blood multiplying into many demons, Surasa and other mother goddesses called matrikas aid Shiva to slay the demon, by drinking the blood.


Surasa's encounter with Hanuman in the Sundara Kanda Book of the Ramayana and its retellings, is the most popular tale related to Surasa. Hanuman, flies over the ocean to Lanka (identified with present-day Sri Lanka) in search of his master Rama's kidnapped wife Sita

The 

  1. gods, 
  2. gandharvas and 
  3. sages 
call Surasa, the mother of the nagas, and request her to assume a terrible rakshasi (demoness) form to test Hanuman. The reasons for her being called to test Hanuman as well as the abilities to be tested, differ in various Ramayana tellings. 

  1. The Ramacharitamanas suggests that the test was meant to prove his greatness and establish that he is ideally suited for the task assigned to him. 
  2. Conversely, the Adhyatma Ramayana says that the gods do not trust Hanuman's strengths; however both agree that the gods want to test Hanuman's strength (bala) and thinking power (buddhi). 
  3. The original Ramayana states that his strength and valour are to be tested and does not state the reasons. Other texts find a middle path where though the gods are confident of Hanuman's abilities, they wish to "sharpen" them or warn him of impending dangers.

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Finally when Surasa's mouth expands to a 100 yojanas, Hanuman suddenly assumes a tiny form (size of a thumb) and enters her mouth and leaves it, before she can close it. In a variant, Hanuman enters Surasa's mouth and leaves through her ear. Thus, Hanuman respects Surasa's vow as well as saves his life. He salutes her and addresses her as Dakshayani (daughter of Daksha). 

Impressed by Hanuman's "ingenuity and courage", Surasa assumes her true form and blesses Hanuman. In a version, she reveals the purpose of her mission, being the orders of the gods and declares that the success of her mission, revealing Hanuman's intellect and strength.  


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Overcome


When Hanuman leaves from land (identified with India), a mountain Mainaka appears in Hanuman's path, for him to rest but Hanuman considering it as an obstacle flies ahead. 

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 Three women who encounter Hanuman on his journey to Lanka

  1. Surasa
  2. rakshasi Simhika and 
  3. Lankini, the guardian goddess of Lanka. 
The heavenly Surasa represents the element akasha (sky), while Simhika and Lankini represents water and earth respectively. 

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the trio represents the maya (illusion) related to the three gunas (qualities). 

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Hanuman recalls his adventures in sita search  to Rama after he returns from Lanka.

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Kadru Vinata

 


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Sura Asura



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Vibhishana

Wednesday, August 17, 2022

Dattatreya Disciples Kartavirya vs Parashuram Disciples vs Pandavas

MayaSita Created by Agni / Sati / Indrajit MayaRama Created by Ravana


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Killing Indrajit

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Killing Ravan

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Overcome Maya with Help of Vibhishana and Daughter Trijata

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Conjugal


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śṛṅgāra-rasa (The goddess of Fortune)
svakiya-rasa (The queens at Dvārakā)
parakīya-rasa (The damsels of Vraja)

Madhu


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